Have you ever made a mistake while writing a paper? Maybe you might've been talking to someone and you said something comepletely different to what you were thinking? Well, believe it or not, cells make the same mistakes during replication. But, lucky for you, cells rarely make mistakes and they also have repair devices that can repair the damage. But sometimes the changes are permanent. These changes are called mutations.
There are different kinds of mutations. A point mutation is a chemical change that can cause a genetic base pair even when it's only in one base pair. A point mutation where a base is swapped for another is a substitution. Other substitutions, nonsense mutations, makes translation stop early. Most of them lead to proteins that do not funtion properly.
Insertions are additives of nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The loss of nucletides are called deletions. These mutations are called frameshift mutations because they change the structure or frame of the amino acid sequence.
There are different kinds of mutations. A point mutation is a chemical change that can cause a genetic base pair even when it's only in one base pair. A point mutation where a base is swapped for another is a substitution. Other substitutions, nonsense mutations, makes translation stop early. Most of them lead to proteins that do not funtion properly.
Insertions are additives of nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The loss of nucletides are called deletions. These mutations are called frameshift mutations because they change the structure or frame of the amino acid sequence.